Learn when to conjugate verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Paloma: Olá! Eu sou a Paloma. |
| Gina: And I’m Gina! Welcome back to PortuguesePod101.com. This is Upper Beginner Season 2 Lesson 9 - Reporting back in Portuguese. In this lesson, you’ll learn some tips about when to conjugate verbs. |
| Paloma: This conversation is between Adriana and Vitor, and it takes place at a meeting around noon. |
| Gina: The speakers are working on a committee together, so they’ll be using formal Portuguese. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Paloma: In Brazil, when you’re at a meeting, people often need to report to the group about the tasks they have performed. |
| Gina: That’s right. In general, this kind of reporting is done in one of two ways in Brazilian companies. One way is that the head of the group, for example the supervisor, boss, or president, will request information from people individually. |
| Paloma: Exactly. Which is the pattern used in the dialogue. The second way is that the head of the group will open up the reporting to everyone at once, by saying something like Quem quer começar? |
| Gina: Right. Which translates to “Who wants to start?” |
| Paloma: In either case, you should already have your answers planned out in advance. Knowing what you’re going to say makes it much easier to say it when the time comes. |
| Gina: That’s very true! |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Gina: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Paloma: Okay, the first phrase we’re going to look at is em breve. |
| Gina: This phrase can be literally translated as “in brief” but it means “soon.” Most of the time, it’s interchangeable with another word meaning “soon.” |
| Paloma: And that would be logo. The main difference between em breve and logo is that em breve is a much more polished phrase. |
| Gina: It’s also sometimes referred to as a “floater phrase” because it can be put at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the sentence without changing its meaning. |
| Paloma: But you can’t split the phrase. In other words, you cannot insert different words between the em and the breve. |
| Gina: Right! What’s next? |
| Paloma: Next, we have our second phrase convidou ela or a convidou. |
| Gina: Both mean “invited her”, but Paloma, let’s explain the difference between the two. |
| Paloma: Well, convidou ela is interesting because it’s actually grammatically incorrect in almost all forms of Portuguese, yet almost everyone says it. |
| Gina: It can be heard in most parts of Brazil except for the west. |
| Paloma: The correct form of this phrase is a convidou. |
| Gina: We spoke about this grammar structure in a previous lesson and mentioned that you have to be careful when you use this particular grammar structure. |
| Paloma: In general, using a convidou at work is probably better, but if you use it with friends it can make you sound pretentious. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Paloma: In this lesson, you’ll learn when to conjugate verbs. |
| Gina: Okay so, at about the upper beginner level, sentences with multiple verbs become common. particularly when you have multiple verbs in a single sentence. |
| Paloma: To know when and how to conjugate, we have three main tips. |
| Gina: The first tip is about simple sentences with a single verb. For example, “I like shoes.” |
| Paloma: Eu gosto de sapatos. Here the verb gostar is conjugated into its present tense first-person form. |
| Gina: The second tip is where things start getting a little more complicated. Here we find sentences that have two or more linked verbs that occur when the meaning of the two verbs is connected in some way. |
| Paloma: When verbs are linked in Portuguese, the first verb is conjugated into its appropriate tense and the second verb is left in its infinitive form. |
| Gina: Here’s an example meaning “That the school will suffer.” |
| Paloma: In Portuguese it’s que a escola vai sofrer. As you have heard, this sentence has two verbs. The first one, ir, is conjugated into its present tense third person form, vai. And the second verb sofrer... |
| Gina: ...means “to suffer”, but in the context of this dialogue, it means “to have happen to.” Because these two verbs are linked, the second verb is not conjugated. |
| Paloma: For example, if you were to say que a escola vai sofrem. |
| Gina: “That the school will suffer”. Brazilians would not be able to understand what you’re saying. |
| Paloma: Which is saying something because they’re actually very good at guessing! |
| Gina: And it's even more difficult because the English translation makes sense, but the Portuguese does not. |
| Paloma: Finally, the last tip has to deal with exceptions. Exception number one is that verbs following the word para are not linked to the previous verb, but are conjugated. |
| Gina: That conjugation is called the personal infinitive and we’ll talk more about that in our intermediate series. But let’s hear an example sentence. |
| Paloma: Ele levantou para ajudar a moça. |
| Gina: “He got up to help the young lady.” |
| Paloma: We listed two more exceptions in the Lesson Notes so be sure to check those out. |
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Outro |
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| Gina: That’s all for this lesson. Thanks for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Paloma: Até a próxima |
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