Learn about the zoo in Brazil and plurals that don't end in vowels
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sílvia: Bem-vindo ao PortuguesePod101.com! |
| Braden: Braden here! This is Upper Beginner Season 1, Lesson 3, Seeing the Animals at the Brazilian Zoo. |
| Sílvia: So Braden, please tell us what we’ll be learning in this lesson. |
| Braden: In this lesson, we’re learning about plurals, specifically, plurals that don't end in a vowel. |
| Sílvia: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Braden: This conversation takes place in the morning at the zoo, and it’s between Marco and Sílvia. |
| Sílvia: And what’s the formality level? |
| Braden: Well, Marco and Sílvia are kind of dating? They’re really good friends, we’ll put it that way, so it’s pretty informal. |
| Sílvia: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Marco: Eu gosto muito de visitar o zoológico. |
| Sílvia: Eu também. Especialmente gostei de ver as girafas. São muito bonitas. |
| Marco: São sim. O que você quer olhar agora? |
| Sílvia: Bem eu gostaria de ver os répteis. Gosto muito dos sapos coloridos da Amazônia. |
| Marco: Eu não quero não. Já morei muitos anos nas Amazonas. Quero ver animais de outros países. |
| Sílvia: Aqueles homens ali estão olhando o que? |
| Marco: Não sei mas ali tem outros animais da África. |
| Sílvia: Que legal. Ali tem uma placa com informações sobre os animais africanos. Vamos lá? |
| Braden: One time slowly. |
| Marco: Eu gosto muito de visitar o zoológico. |
| Sílvia: Eu também. Especialmente gostei de ver as girafas. São muito bonitas. |
| Marco: São sim. O que você quer olhar agora? |
| Sílvia: Bem eu gostaria de ver os répteis. Gosto muito dos sapos coloridos da Amazônia. |
| Marco: Eu não quero não. Já morei muitos anos nas Amazonas. Quero ver animais de outros países. |
| Sílvia: Aqueles homens ali estão olhando o que? |
| Marco: Não sei mas ali tem outros animais da África. |
| Sílvia: Que legal. Ali tem uma placa com informações sobre os animais africanos. Vamos lá? |
| Braden: One time fast, with translation. |
| Marco: Eu gosto muito de visitar o zoológico. |
| Marco: I like to visit the zoo. |
| Sílvia: Eu também. Especialmente gostei de ver as girafas. São muito bonitas. |
| Sílvia: Me too. I especially like seeing the giraffes. They are very beautiful. |
| Marco: São sim. O que você quer olhar agora? |
| Marco: Yes they are. What do you want to look at now? |
| Sílvia: Bem eu gostaria de ver os répteis. Gosto muito dos sapos coloridos da Amazônia. |
| Sílvia: Well, I would like to see the reptiles. I really like the colored Amazonian frogs. |
| Marco: Eu não quero não. Já morei muitos anos nas Amazonas. Quero ver animais de outros países. |
| Marco: I don't want to see that. I lived in the Amazon for many years. I want to see animals from other countries. |
| Sílvia: Aqueles homens ali estão olhando o que? |
| Sílvia: What are those men there looking at? |
| Marco: Não sei mas ali tem outros animais da África. |
| Marco: I don't know but there are some African animals over there. |
| Sílvia: Que legal. Ali tem uma placa com informações sobre os animais africanos. Vamos lá? |
| Sílvia: That's so cool. There's a sign with information about African animals over there. Shall we? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: So, how are animals treated in Brazil? Like how do the laws work? How does the society treat animals in general in Brazil? |
| Sílvia: From what I see, the law protects the animals, but what you see in practice is that we have, for example, tráfico de animais. |
| Braden: “animal trafficking” |
| Sílvia: In this sense, I couldn’t say that the law protects them, although there is something written for them. |
| Braden: Right. |
| Sílvia: In the law, but… |
| Braden: Not applied so well yet. |
| Sílvia: In practice, they’re not- they’re not making it. And we have many non-governmental organizations that protect animals. In Curitiba, there is one. My brother has worked for them. They keep dogs that are abandoned in the streets. |
| Braden: Uh-huh, like an animal shelter sort of thing? |
| Sílvia: Yes, it’s an animal shelter. |
| Braden: Okay, cool! So, there are lots of laws and animals are protected, particularly the more special ones like from the Amazon. Okay, let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: The first word we’ll look at is… |
| Sílvia: zoologico [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Zoo |
| Sílvia: zoologico [slowly - broken down by syllable] zoologico [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: girafa [natural native speed] |
| Braden: giraffe |
| Sílvia: girafa [slowly - broken down by syllable] girafa [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: África [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Africa |
| Sílvia: África [slowly - broken down by syllable] África [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: olhar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to look |
| Sílvia: olhar [slowly - broken down by syllable] olhar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: animal [natural native speed] |
| Braden: animal |
| Sílvia: animal [slowly - broken down by syllable] animal [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: informação [natural native speed] |
| Braden: information |
| Sílvia: informação [slowly - broken down by syllable] informação [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: legal [natural native speed] |
| Braden: cool, legal |
| Sílvia: legal [slowly - broken down by syllable] legal [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: placa [natural native speed] |
| Braden: sign |
| Sílvia: placa [slowly - broken down by syllable] placa [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: sapos [natural native speed] |
| Braden: frog |
| Sílvia: sapos [slowly - broken down by syllable] sapos [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: especialmente [natural native speed] |
| Braden: especially, specially |
| Sílvia: especialmente [slowly - broken down by syllable] especialmente [natural native speed] |
| Braden: And our last word is… |
| Sílvia: réptil [natural native speed] |
| Braden: reptile |
| Sílvia: réptil [slowly - broken down by syllable] réptil [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Okay, so let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Sílvia: The first phrase we’ll look at is - gosto muito de. |
| Braden: In the beginner series, we learned about the verb gostar and how it means "to like" and that it is also "always" followed by the preposition de. |
| Sílvia: In this lesson, we're going to cover a "modification" of this rule. In the dialogue, we heard the phrase- Eu gosto muito de visitar o zoolôgico. |
| Braden: Here, the verb gostar is not directly followed by de. It's actually followed by muito, and then de. So in Portuguese, when you use an intensifier like muito with the verb gostar, it almost always is inserted between the gostar and de. |
| Sílvia: It could also be said, Eu gosto de visitar o zoolôgico muito, but we normally put the muito between gostar and de. So, de still follows gostar and you can't leave it off, but you can sometimes insert muito between gostar and de. |
| Braden: Could you break this down for us, this phrase? |
| Sílvia: Eu gosto muito de. |
| Braden: And that “o,” is it an open or closed “o”? |
| Sílvia: The “o” in the word gosto is first open and then closed, -to, gosto. The next phrase we’ll look at is- Estão olhando o quê? |
| Braden: It literally translates to “they are looking what” or a little bit clearer, “What are they looking at?” In English, we reorder our sentences when we ask questions. |
| Sílvia: Portuguese does not do this. The way you ask a question is by voice intonation? So, the word order stays the same, but at the end, you raise your voice in a questioning manner. This also means you can put the “what” at the end of the sentence without any problem. |
| Braden: But with this phrase, that intonation doesn’t actually happen, does it? |
| Sílvia: No, in this phrase, no. |
| Braden: But it’s still a question? |
| Sílvia: It is. |
| Braden: Do you know why you don’t need that intonation in this situation? |
| Sílvia: No, I don’t know why. |
| Braden: Usually, when you have a question word like o quê in a sentence, you don’t need the intonation in the same way that you need it when there’s no specific question word. Estão olhando o quê. You have that o quê and that triggers the question. Could you break this down for us? |
| Sílvia: Estão olhando o que? |
| Braden: And one time fast. |
| Sílvia: Estão olhando o que? |
| Braden: Okay, so, let’s take a look at the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Sílvia: The focus of this lesson is plurals for words that don’t end in a vowel. In the dialogue, we heard the phrase - Não sei mas ali tem outros animais da África. |
| Braden: Which we translated as, “I don’t know, but there are some African animals over there.” |
| Sílvia: Not all words in Portuguese end in a vowel, so that means to pluralize them, you need to know the rules. |
| Braden: What are we gonna look at first? |
| Sílvia: Words that end in -m. |
| Braden: The rule is that, if the word ends in -m, then you drop the -m and add -ns. |
| Sílvia: A good example would be the word homem, which means “man.” If you want to say “men,” then drop the -m and add -ns to get homens. |
| Braden: One time, singular please. |
| Sílvia: homem |
| Braden: And one time plural. |
| Sílvia: homens |
| Braden: What’s next? |
| Sílvia: Words that end in -al, -el, -ol, or -ul. |
| Braden: The rule here is that you drop the -l and add -is. Could you give us some examples of these? |
| Sílvia: Sure! In the dialogue, we heard the word animais, which means “animals.” This comes from the word o animal, which ends in -al. To make animal plural, you drop the -al and -is and get os animais. |
| Braden: What’s next? |
| Sílvia: Words that end in -il. |
| Braden: The rule here is that you drop the -il and add an -is with a little accent on the “í.” This is important. |
| Sílvia: You know, that acento agudo. |
| Braden: Could you give us some examples? |
| Sílvia: Sure. The word barril means “barrel.” To make barril plural, you drop the -il and add -ís, “Í-S.” |
| Braden: With that little apostrophe, barrís. What’s next? |
| Sílvia: Next are the words that end in -ão, “Ã-O.” |
| Braden: With a little til over the “ã,” right? |
| Sílvia: Correct. |
| Braden: These ones are a little bit different. There are rules as far as which endings you can add on to pluralize the words, but -ão in and of itself, there’s no real rule to know which one to use when. |
| Sílvia: Right. So, rule 1 is that you’ll drop the -ão and add -ões, “Õ-E-S.” |
| Braden: With a little til over the… |
| Sílvia: õ |
| Braden: How about an example? |
| Sílvia: Well, the word a canção, which means “the song” would be an example. To pluralize canção, you drop the -ão with the til over the “ã” and add -ões, which is “Õ-E-S” with the til over the “õ” to get canções. |
| Braden: Okay. |
| Sílvia: Rule 2says you drop the o of the -ão, “Ã-O,” with the over the “ã” and add -es. |
| Braden: Could you give us an example of that? |
| Sílvia: One everyday example is the word pão. Here, you drop the -o and add -es to get pães. |
| Braden: pão, pães |
| Sílvia: Rule 3 is the easiest of all. You just ad -s. |
| Braden: Could you give us an example of that? |
| Sílvia: Another daily example is o irmão, which means “the brother.” To make it plural, you just add -s to get irmãos. |
| Braden: That’s how you make plurals of nouns that don’t end in vowels. |
Outro |
| Braden: Well, that just about does it for this lesson! See you later! |
| Sílvia: Até a próxima! |
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