Learn about multiple factors of Brazilian travel and the plurality of nouns and adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sílvia: Olá! Bem-vindo ao PortuguesePod101.com! |
| Braden: Braden here! This is Upper Beginner Season 1, Lesson 2, Contemplating a Long Flight in Brazil. |
| Sílvia: So Braden, please tell us what we’ll be learning in this lesson. |
| Braden: In this lesson, we’re learning a little bit about making plurals. How to pluralize both nouns and adjectives in Portuguese. |
| Sílvia: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Braden: This conversation takes place in the afternoon at a travel agency, and it’s between the travel agent and the buyer. |
| Sílvia: What’s the formality level? |
| Braden: Well, normally, the relationship is formal because it’s a customer relationship, but since they’ve been talking for a while, they’re getting to know each other a little bit better as they plan out this trip, it’s moving toward the informal stage. |
| Sílvia: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Agente: São doze horas de voo. |
| Cliente: O que? Não acredito. Doze horas? Que voo demorado. |
| Agente: Bem, você tá indo de São Paulo para Moscou num voo direto. É para demorar. Pelo menos é à noite e pode dormir um pouco. |
| Cliente: Eu não consigo dormir em avião. As poltronas são muito rígidas. |
| Agente: Igual o ônibus? |
| Cliente: Igual o ônibus. |
| Agente: Também ouvi aqueles rapazes alí. Falaram que vão no mesmo avião pra chegar mais rápido e que vão tomar muito café pra não dormir. |
| Cliente: Então não vou naquele vou não. |
| Agente: Tem vários outros voos de outras linhas aéreas também. Por exemplo, este voo tem duas escalas e este tem três. |
| Braden: One time slowly. |
| Agente: São doze horas de voo. |
| Cliente: O que? Não acredito. Doze horas? Que voo demorado. |
| Agente: Bem, você tá indo de São Paulo para Moscou num voo direto. É para demorar. Pelo menos é à noite e pode dormir um pouco. |
| Cliente: Eu não consigo dormir em avião. As poltronas são muito rígidas. |
| Agente: Igual o ônibus? |
| Cliente: Igual o ônibus. |
| Agente: Também ouvi aqueles rapazes alí. Falaram que vão no mesmo avião pra chegar mais rápido e que vão tomar muito café pra não dormir. |
| Cliente: Então não vou naquele vou não. |
| Agente: Tem vários outros voos de outras linhas aéreas também. Por exemplo, este voo tem duas escalas e este tem três. |
| Braden: One time fast, with translation. |
| Agente: São doze horas de voo? |
| Agente: It's a twelve hour flight? |
| Cliente: O que? Não acredito. Doze horas? Que voo demorado. |
| Cliente: What? I don't believe it. Twelve hours? What a long flight. |
| Agente: Bem, você tá indo de São Paulo para Moscou num voo direto. É para demorar. Pelo menos é à noite e pode dormir um pouco. |
| Agente: Well, you are going from São Paulo to Moscow on a direct flight. It's going to take a while. At least it's a night and you can sleep a bit. |
| Cliente: Eu não consigo dormir em avião. As poltronas são muito rígidas. |
| Cliente: I can't sleep on planes. The seats are too rigid. |
| Agente: Igual o ônibus? |
| Agente: Just like the bus? |
| Cliente: Igual o ônibus. |
| Cliente: Just like the bus. |
| Agente: Também ouvi aqueles rapazes alí. Falaram que vão no mesmo avião pra chegar mais rápido e que vão tomar muito café pra não dormir. |
| Agente: I also heard those young men over there. They said they are going on the same flight and that they will drink a lot of coffee so that they don't fall asleep. |
| Cliente: Então não vou naquele vou não. |
| Cliente: Then, I'm not going on that flight. |
| Agente: Tem vários outros voos de outras linhas aéreas também. Por exemplo, este voo tem duas escalas e este tem três. |
| Agente: There are other flights from other airlines as well. For example, this flight has two stops and this one has three. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: Okay, so Sílvia, what’s going on in this lesson? What happened here? |
| Sílvia: They’re talking about how long is the flight from Brazil to Moscow and how people deal with it. Most people think it’s not comfortable because the seats are too rigid and some people decide they’re not going to sleep at all. |
| Braden: Exactly! I- personally, I can’t sleep on a plane. I get really tired. Flying from the United States to Brazil is really far. It’s a long way. |
| Sílvia: Yeah. How long does it take, 10 hours? |
| Braden: Depending on which place you’ll fly out of, 10 hours and a little bit. |
| Sílvia: Wow. |
| Braden: You go from New York to São Paulo. |
| Sílvia: That is so long. |
| Braden: And only São Paulo and Rio are big enough airports to handle those kinds of planes. So, you have to fly out all the way to the bottom of Brazil to São Paulo and then up to João Pessoa, so it’s like another 5-hour back up in the other direction. |
| Sílvia: Oh, really? |
| Braden: Yeah. Brazil is a big country, so there’s lot of long flights. Like from here in Curitiba to fly to Manaus, for example, how long do you think that would take? |
| Sílvia: That would take 5 hours, I think. |
| Braden: At least. |
| Sílvia: At least. |
| Braden: I mean, it’s a long ride. |
| Sílvia: Especially if you imagine you’re flying within the country. You’re not flying to another country. |
| Braden: Right. You’re still inside of Brazil. |
| Sílvia: Yes. |
| Braden: Is there a direct flight from Curitiba to Manaus? I don’t think there is. |
| Sílvia: No, no. I think you need to go either to São Paulo or to Rio, and then you’d be able to go to Manaus. |
| Braden: Two connecting flights, right. Those two big airports in São Paulo which is… What’s the big airport in São Paulo. |
| Sílvia: We have Congonhas, which is a smaller one. And Guarulhos is the one where the international flights. |
| Braden: It’s the biggest airport actually in the country, isn’t it? At least, it was. |
| Sílvia: I’m not sure. I’ve never been to Guarulhos, actually. |
| Braden: Really? |
| Sílvia: I’ve only been to Congonhas. |
| Braden: I think I’ve only been through Congonhas once. |
| Sílvia: Did you? |
| Braden: I always go through Guarulhos. |
| Sílvia: Because when I’m going to São Paulo, I’m going to visit friends and then Congonhas, it’s kind of in the city center. |
| Braden: Right! |
| Sílvia: And Guarulhos is a bit far away from the city center. |
| Braden: Right. |
| Sílvia: So, I always go to Congonhas. But I go mostly to São Paulo by bus, which is very common here in Brazil to travel by bus. |
| Braden: Right, to travel by bus. Why do people travel by bus? |
| Sílvia: Mostly because it’s cheaper. |
| Braden: Right. |
| Sílvia: Yes. Sometimes, we get cheap flights, but it’s very common to have cheaper bus tickets. It’s half the price. |
| Braden: Ok, let’s take a look at the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: The first word we’ll look at is… |
| Sílvia: voo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: flight |
| Sílvia: voo [slowly - broken down by syllable] [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: Moscou [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Moscow |
| Sílvia: Moscou [slowly - broken down by syllable] Moscou [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: demorar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to delay, to take a long time |
| Sílvia: demorar [slowly - broken down by syllable] demorar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: pelo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: for the, to the |
| Sílvia: pelo [slowly - broken down by syllable] pelo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: dormir [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to sleep |
| Sílvia: dormir [slowly - broken down by syllable] dormir [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: avião [natural native speed] |
| Braden: airplane |
| Sílvia: avião [slowly - broken down by syllable] avião [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: quiser [natural native speed] |
| Braden: want, wish, would like |
| Sílvia: quiser [slowly - broken down by syllable] quiser [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: acreditar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to believe |
| Sílvia: acreditar [slowly - broken down by syllable] acreditar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: poltrona [natural native speed] |
| Braden: seat, armchair |
| Sílvia: poltrona [slowly - broken down by syllable] poltrona [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: rígido [natural native speed] |
| Braden: rigid, stiff, strict |
| Sílvia: rígido [slowly - broken down by syllable] rígido [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: igual [natural native speed] |
| Braden: equal, same |
| Sílvia: igual [slowly - broken down by syllable] igual [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: rapaz [natural native speed] |
| Braden: dude |
| Sílvia: rapaz [slowly - broken down by syllable] rapaz [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Sílvia: linha aérea [natural native speed] |
| Braden: airline |
| Sílvia: linha aérea [slowly - broken down by syllable] linha aérea [natural native speed] |
| Braden: And our last word is… |
| Sílvia: escala [natural native speed] |
| Braden: stop |
| Sílvia: escala [slowly - broken down by syllable] escala [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Sílvia: The first word we’ll look at is poltronas vs seats vs cadeiras. |
| Braden: We’ve already learned all of these words, but now, we wanna talk to you about kind of how they relate to each other. |
| Sílvia: In the dialogue, we heard the word poltrona which we translated as "seat." Poltrona is actually a particular type of chair in Brazil. |
| Braden: So, just to explain a bit, the word assento is kind of the generic category of places where you sit. For example, a cadeira, classified as an… |
| Sílvia: assento |
| Braden: As well as banco, which is kind of a bench or a poltrona which would be kind of armchair. They’re all assentos. |
| Sílvia: Poltrona is the word used for seats in planes, trains, travel buses and I've even heard it used to describe recliner chair. In Moscou, poltrona seems to translate to armchair. |
| Braden: Does that sound about right to you, armchair? |
| Sílvia: Yes, it does. |
| Braden: Could you break this one down for us, poltrona. |
| Sílvia: poltrona |
| Braden: And one time fast. |
| Sílvia: Poltrona. The next phrase we’ll look at is pelo menos. |
| Braden: Pelo menos literally translates to "for the less," but it means "at least." |
| Sílvia: In the dialogue, we heard, "Pelo menos é à noite e pode dormir um pouco," which we translated as "At least it’s at night and you can sleep a bit.” |
| Braden: Could you break this down for us? |
| Sílvia: pelo menos |
| Braden: And one time fast. |
| Sílvia: pelo menos |
| Braden: Is there an open or a closed vowels in here? |
| Sílvia: Yes. It’s a closed “e” in the word pelo and in the word “menos.” Otherwise, it would be pelos menos. And the (o)s are also closed, pelo menos. Otherwise, it would be pelo menos. The next word we’ll look at is avião, which means “airplane.” |
| Braden: For some reason, my mind, I want the word avião to be feminine. I think it’s because it starts with an “a” and “a” is tend to be related to feminine. It also ends in “ão” which tends to be related to feminine, but it’s just not. It is in fact… |
| Sílvia: O Avião and it’s masculine noun. |
| Braden: Could you break this down for us? |
| Sílvia: o avião |
| Braden: And one time fast. |
| Sílvia: o avião |
| Braden: Let’s take a look at the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Sílvia: The focus of this lesson is “agreement,” the plurality of nouns and adjectives. |
| Braden: Okay, in the dialogue, we heard the phrase… |
| Sílvia: Eu não consigo dormir em avião. As poltronas são muito rígidas. |
| Braden: Which we translated as, “I can't sleep on planes. The seats are very rigid.” |
| Sílvia: So, we’re going to talk about how gender and plurality work in Portuguese. |
| Braden: First of all, remember always that the gender and plurality of the pronouns must agree with the noun in the sentence, not necessarily with you. |
| Sílvia: Right. They must agree, number and gender, with the thing possessed, not the possessor. |
| Braden: One of the most interesting parts of Portuguese is that when one thing changes, then everything also changes with it, because of these agreement rules. |
| Sílvia: For plurality, this is easy because most of the time, you just add an “s” on the end. We’ll talk about gender changes in another lesson but when you are going from one item to two or more, then just just add an “s.” |
| Braden: That’s the general rule. But you can’t just add an “s” to any random word. There are specific words that allow for this (s)s, and these words are words that end in a vowel. For example… |
| Sílvia: gato |
| Braden: Ends in a vowel. How do you make that plural? |
| Sílvia: Gatos When the stress falls elsewhere and the noun already ends in “s,” then you do nothing. The word is both plural and singular. |
| Braden: Just like the word “fish,” in English. You have one fish or you have two fish. You don’t say “fishes.” |
| Sílvia: There are not many words that are like this in Portuguese, but here are three that you’ll run into often. For example, ônibus, lápis, and the last name, Alves. |
| Braden: Right. So, we have o ônibus and… |
| Sílvia: os ônibus |
| Braden: Right. You don’t say os ônibuses or os lápises, just os lápis. So, very simple like that. And usually, when you have a word, like, for example, rapaz, that word ends with an “s” sound, but it’s actually written with a “z,” so it’s pluralized. |
| Sílvia: rapazes |
| Braden: So, it’s pluralized, normaly adding -es at the end, very simple. |
Outro |
| Braden: Okay, so, that just about does it for today! See you later! |
| Sílvia: Até a próxima! |
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