Learn about grammatical gender and how Brazilians stay so trim
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Braden: Hello, and welcome to PortuguesePOD101.com, the fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Portuguese! |
| Sílvia: I'm Sílvia, and thanks again for being here with us for this Lower Intermediate S1 lesson. |
| Thássia: So Braden, please tell us what we will be learning in this lesson. |
| Braden: In this lesson, you'll be learning using grammatical gender in a complex sentences |
| Thássia: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Braden: This conversation takes place On the street just before lunch time where Maria and Fátima, two old friends who haven't seen each other for a long time run in to each other. |
| Thássia: What's the formality level? |
| Braden: Well, they'll be speaking informally because they are friends. |
| Thássia: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Fátima: Opa, Maria, você perdeu peso? |
| Maria: Oh, dá pra ver? Tô um pouco mais magra né? Na verdade, estou de dieta. |
| Fátima: Sério? Que tipo de dieta? |
| Maria: A dieta das frutas. É bem fácil. Eu só como frutas cada manhã. |
| Fátima: Wow! Que tipo de frutas? |
| Maria: Bem, eu como de tudo um pouco - manga, mamão, guaraná, acerola, pera, laranja...o que tiver na época. |
| Fátima: Que legal! Onde você compra tantas frutas? |
| Maria: No Carrefour, fica perto da minha casa. |
| Fátima: Mas, quando você começou? |
| Maria: Dois meses atrás. |
| Fátima: Sua pele também melhorou, né? Parabéns! |
| Maria: Obrigada! Você está de dieta também? |
| Fátima: É. Eu comecei a dieta de fazer caminhada. |
| Maria: Wow, parece muito bom pra a saúde. |
| Fátima: Estou me esforçando para andar pelo parque toda manhã e também para jantar mais cedo. |
| Maria: É mesmo? Mas deve ser difícil fazer caminhada toda manhã. Parabéns. |
| Fátima: Está ótimo porque eu amo fazer caminhada. Mas... |
| Maria: Mas...? |
| Fátima: Eu ganhei peso desde que comecei a fazer caminhada! Quando faço exercício, fico com muita fome, então to comendo muito. |
| Maria: Ohh... |
| Fátima: E ainda mais, estou jantando cedo, então chegando às 22 horas, estou faminta! Então, como lanchinhos bem tarde a noite...ganhei três kilos! |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Fátima: Opa, Maria, você perdeu peso? |
| Maria: Oh, dá pra ver? Tô um pouco mais magra né? Na verdade, estou de dieta. |
| Fátima: Sério? Que tipo de dieta? |
| Maria: A dieta das frutas. É bem fácil. Eu só como frutas cada manhã. |
| Fátima: Wow! Que tipo de frutas? |
| Maria: Bem, eu como de tudo um pouco - manga, mamão, guaraná, acerola, pera, laranja...o que tiver na época. |
| Fátima: Que legal! Onde você compra tantas frutas? |
| Maria: No Carrefour, fica perto da minha casa. |
| Fátima: Mas, quando você começou? |
| Maria: Dois meses atrás. |
| Fátima: Sua pele também melhorou, né? Parabéns! |
| Maria: Obrigada! Você está de dieta também? |
| Fátima: É. Eu comecei a dieta de fazer caminhada. |
| Maria: Wow, parece muito bom pra a saúde. |
| Fátima: Estou me esforçando para andar pelo parque toda manhã e também para jantar mais cedo. |
| Maria: É mesmo? Mas deve ser difícil fazer caminhada toda manhã. Parabéns. |
| Fátima: Está ótimo porque eu amo fazer caminhada. Mas... |
| Maria: Mas...? |
| Fátima: Eu ganhei peso desde que comecei a fazer caminhada! Quando faço exercício, fico com muita fome, então to comendo muito. |
| Maria: Ohh... |
| Fátima: E ainda mais, estou jantando cedo, então chegando às 22 horas, estou faminta! Então, como lanchinhos bem tarde a noite...ganhei três kilos! |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Fátima: Opa, Maria, você perdeu peso? |
| Braden: Hey, Maria, have you lost weight? |
| Maria: Oh, dá pra ver? Tô um pouco mais magra né? Na verdade, estou de dieta. |
| Braden: Oh, can you tell? I'm a little thinner, aren't I? Actually, I'm on a diet. |
| Fátima: Sério? Que tipo de dieta? |
| Braden: Really? What type of a diet? |
| Maria: A dieta das frutas. É bem fácil. Eu só como frutas cada manhã. |
| Braden: The fruit diet. It's very easy. I just eat fruit every morning. |
| Fátima: Wow! Que tipo de frutas? |
| Braden: Wow! What type of fruit? |
| Maria: Bem, eu como de tudo um pouco - manga, mamão, guaraná, acerola, pera, laranja...o que tiver na época. |
| Braden: Well, I eat a bit of everything—mangoes, papaya, guaraná, acerola, pears, oranges, whatever's in season. |
| Fátima: Que legal! Onde você compra tantas frutas? |
| Braden: That's so cool! Where do you buy so much fruit? |
| Maria: No Carrefour, fica perto da minha casa. |
| Braden: At Carrefour, it's close to my house. |
| Fátima: Mas, quando você começou? |
| Braden: But, when did you start? |
| Maria: Dois meses atrás. |
| Braden: Two months ago. |
| Fátima: Sua pele também melhorou, né? Parabéns! |
| Braden: Your skin improved, didn't it? Congratulations! |
| Maria: Obrigada! Você está de dieta também? |
| Braden: Thank you! Are you on a diet as well? |
| Fátima: É. Eu comecei a dieta de fazer caminhada. |
| Braden: Yes. I started the walking diet. |
| Maria: Wow, parece muito bom pra a saúde. |
| Braden: Wow, that seems very good for your health. |
| Fátima: Estou me esforçando para andar pelo parque toda manhã e também para jantar mais cedo. |
| Braden: I am trying to walk through the park every morning and to eat dinner earlier. |
| Maria: É mesmo? Mas deve ser difícil fazer caminhada toda manhã. Parabéns. |
| Braden: Is that right? But that must be hard, walking every morning. Congratulations. |
| Fátima: Está ótimo porque eu amo fazer caminhada. Mas... |
| Braden: It's great because I love walking. But... |
| Maria: Mas...? |
| Braden: But...? |
| Fátima: Eu ganhei peso desde que comecei a fazer caminhada! Quando faço exercício, fico com muita fome, então to comendo muito. |
| Braden: I gained weight since I started walking! When I exercise, I get really hungry, so I'm eating a lot. |
| Maria: Ohh... |
| Braden: Ohh... |
| Fátima: E ainda mais, estou jantando cedo, então chegando às 22 horas, estou faminta! Então, como lanchinhos bem tarde a noite...ganhei três kilos! |
| Braden: And what's more, I'm eating dinner early. So by about 10 PM I'm famished! So, I eat snacks late at night...I've gained three kilos. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: As you’ve probably noticed Brazilians are a beautiful people but don’t think that it just comes randomly. Those beautiful girls you see on the beach aren’t that way by nature |
| Thássia: What do you mean by that? |
| Braden: I mean they diet and workout and typically spend a lot of time and money in salons to look that way. |
| Thassia: Are you telling we are artificial, or something like that? |
| Braden: (Explains) talk about me (go for a walk, manicure every week) |
| Braden: One popular diet on the Internet is the açaí diet. As far as I know, the açaí diet never became popular in Brazil. |
| Thassia: Yeah, i never heard of it. Pure açaí is very difficult to find outside of the Amazon region and typically very expensive. |
| Braden: But You can go to lanchonetes and order açaí na tijela, right? |
| Thassia: Right. but it usually isn’t pure and more often than not has cups of sugar or guaraná syrup in it. Which makes açaí na tijela less fat-burning and more of a caloric bomb. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Sílvia: caminhada [natural native speed] |
| Braden: hiking |
| Sílvia: caminhada [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: caminhada [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: quilograma [natural native speed] |
| Braden: kilogram |
| Sílvia: quilograma [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: quilograma [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: quilo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: kilo |
| Sílvia: quilo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: quilo [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: manga [natural native speed] |
| Braden: mango |
| Sílvia: manga [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: manga [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: mamão [natural native speed] |
| Braden: papaya |
| Sílvia: mamão [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: mamão [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: laranja [natural native speed] |
| Braden: orange |
| Sílvia: laranja [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: laranja [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: pêra [natural native speed] |
| Braden: pear |
| Sílvia: pêra [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: pêra [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: dieta [natural native speed] |
| Braden: diet |
| Sílvia: dieta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: dieta [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: fruta [natural native speed] |
| Braden: fruit |
| Sílvia: fruta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: fruta [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: magro [natural native speed] |
| Braden: thin, skinny |
| Sílvia: magro [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: magro [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: pele [natural native speed] |
| Braden: skin |
| Sílvia: pele [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: pele [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: caminhar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to walk, to hike |
| Sílvia: caminhar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: caminhar [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: peso [natural native speed] |
| Braden: weight |
| Sílvia: peso [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: peso [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: açaí [natural native speed] |
| Braden: açaí |
| Sílvia: açaí [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: açaí [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: guaraná [natural native speed] |
| Braden: guarana |
| Sílvia: guaraná [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: guaraná [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: faminto [natural native speed] |
| Braden: famished, ravenous, starving |
| Sílvia: faminto [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: faminto [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: exercício [natural native speed] |
| Braden: exercise, workout, practice |
| Sílvia: exercício [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: exercício [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Thássia: the first phrase we’re going to look at is “estar de dieta.” Estar de dieta literally transalates to “to be of diet.” But it actually means “to be on a diet.” In the dialogue we saw the speaker saying Na verdade, estou de dieta, which we translated as “Actually, I’m on a diet.” |
| Braden: Next we’ll look at “quilos.” Quilos is the Portuguese word for “kilos” which is short for “kilogram” or in Portuguese “quilograma.” It means and works the same.The difference lies in the spelling - quilos in Portuguese is written Q-U-I-L-O-S not K-I-L-O-S. |
| Thássia: Next we’ll look at “como de tudo um pouco” Como de tudo um pouco means “I eat a little bit of everything.” In the dialogue the speaker used como de tudo um pouco to mean that she eats a large variety of fruits but not a large amount of fruits. |
| Braden: That probably helps with her diet. |
| Thássia: Next we’ll look at “tipo.” Tipo is the Portuguese word for “type” or “kind.” But sometimes it’s used informally to mean “like” when introducing examples as in Eu conheço muitas pessoas legais tipo Bruno, Paula, Daniela... which means “I know many nice people like Bruno, Paula, Daniela...” |
| Braden: The variation Tipo assim is often used in everyday conversations to describe something, specially among younger people. |
| Thássia: Next we have the expression na época. Na época means “in season.” Na época is commonly used to refer to fruits, and vegetables. |
| Braden: last we have “fruta” vs. “fruto” |
| Thássia: Fruta is the Portuguese word for “fruit.” Fruto is also the Portuguese word for “fruit.” These two words have different meanings, even though they have the same translation. Fruta means “fruit that you eat” and fruto means “a product of work.” |
| Braden: A good example to illustrate the differences is that fruta is what’s on the tree and fruto is after it’s been picked. We have a photo album on our Facebook page with many native Brazilian fruits. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Braden: The focus of this lesson is grammatical gender with names |
| Thássia: In the dialogue, we heard the phrase “Obrigada!” |
| Braden: Which we translated as "Thank you!” |
| Thássia: Every noun in Portuguese is assigned either a masculine or feminine gender. |
| Braden: Like English, most pronouns and nouns dealing with males are masculine and most dealing with females are feminine, but even nouns unrelated to either sex are assigned masculine or feminine gender. |
| Thássia: so dealing with nouns, Almost all nouns ending in o are masculine. so caderno, livro, carro, sapato, comprimido, disco, apartamento, prédio, etc. are all masculine words. |
| Braden: One caveat is words that end in -ão, which are typically feminine. |
| Thássia: That’s right. Technically the word ends in an o but in Portuguese, the ão is treated as a single sound. So when we say o we mean just o. |
| Braden: So, most nouns ending in -ade, -ez, -ice, -gem, -ã, -ção, -são, and -dão are feminine. |
| Thássia: Most nouns with other endings, like a or e, have an equal probability of being feminine or masculine. |
| Braden: Regardless of their final letter, nouns naming the male sex are masculine (e.g., homem - man, pai - father). |
| Thássia: And regardless of their final letter, nouns naming the female sex are feminine (e.g., mulher - woman, garçonete - waitress). |
| Braden: Right. So on to Adjectives, Articles, and Pronouns. |
| Thássia: Adjectives, articles, and pronouns must agree in gender with the nouns they are attached to. |
| Braden: Adjectives whose dictionary form ends in o have both masculine and feminine forms. So, nouns modified by bonito are masculine and nouns modified by bonita are feminine. |
| Thássia: so our big Tip for this lesson - To identify the gender of names, titles, or brand names you simply ask yourself, “What is it?” |
| Braden: This is a very big deal and something that foreigners mess up a lot! For example, if someone asks you “Where do you live?” and you want to respond with “On Ruy Carneiro” which is the name of a main street in João Pessoa, named after a state senator. |
| Thássia: In Portuguese, that translates to “na Ruy Carneiro.” Remember that nouns almost always have articles in front of them that’s why you say “na” instead of just “em.” |
| Braden: But why isn’t it “no Ruy Carneiro?” Ruy Carneiro was a man so it should be “no,” right? |
| Thássia: Wrong. Roads in Portuguese are almost always feminine because almost all road words are feminine - rua, avenida, estrada, alameda, vila, etc. In this case, “Ruy Carneiro” is referring to the road, not the man, which makes it feminine. |
| Braden: Oh I see, so in the dialogue, Fátima asks Maria “Onde você compra tantas frutas?” and she responds with “No Carrefour, fica perto da minha casa.” |
| Thássia: Carrefour is a large supermarket chain in Brazil and the word is actually of French origin so the tips we gave before about using the endings of the words to identify don’t help. |
| Braden: So, why did she say “no Carrefour” and not “na Carrefour?” and for that matter how would anyone know if it were right or wrong? |
| Thássia: Because “Carrefour” is a supermarket and supermarket in Portuguese is supermercado, a masculine word. |
| Braden: That was awesome, Thássia, thank you for such an excellent explanation. |
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