Learn the preterit perfect tense of verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Braden: Hello, and welcome to PortuguesePOD101.com, the fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Portuguese! |
| Sílvia: I'm Sílvia, and thanks again for being here with us for this Intermediate S1 lesson. |
| Camila: So Braden, please tell us what we'll be learning in this lesson. |
| Braden: In this lesson, we'll be learning talking about your day |
| Camila: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Braden: This conversation takes place at night, at home, mônica, diego |
| Camila: What's the formality level? |
| Braden: Well, it's informal. |
| Camila: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Mônica: Diego, você está com uma cara tão tristinha... |
| Diego: É que eu tô com um pouco de dor de cabeça. |
| Mônica: Aconteceu alguma coisa? |
| Diego: Não, eu só tive um dia estressante, trabalhei muito hoje. |
| Mônica: Vendeu muito? |
| Diego: Sim, batemos a meta da semana. |
| Mônica: Que ótimo! Veja o lado positivo. |
| Diego: Sim, por esse lado foi bom sim, mas eu nem almocei hoje. Vendi, vendi e vendi desde a hora que eu cheguei. |
| Mônica: Aproveita sua folga amanhã pra descansar então. |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Mônica: Diego, você está com uma cara tão tristinha... |
| Diego: É que eu tô com um pouco de dor de cabeça. |
| Mônica: Aconteceu alguma coisa? |
| Diego: Não, eu só tive um dia estressante, trabalhei muito hoje. |
| Mônica: Vendeu muito? |
| Diego: Sim, batemos a meta da semana. |
| Mônica: Que ótimo! Veja o lado positivo. |
| Diego: Sim, por esse lado foi bom sim, mas eu nem almocei hoje. Vendi, vendi e vendi desde a hora que eu cheguei. |
| Mônica: Aproveita sua folga amanhã pra descansar então. |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Mônica: Diego, você está com uma cara tão tristinha... |
| Braden: Diego, you look so sad... |
| Diego: É que eu tô com um pouco de dor de cabeça. |
| Braden: It's just that I've got a bit of a headache. |
| Mônica: Aconteceu alguma coisa? |
| Braden: Did anything happen? |
| Diego: Não, eu só tive um dia estressante, trabalhei muito hoje. |
| Braden: No, I just had a stressful day. I worked a lot today. |
| Mônica: Vendeu muito? |
| Braden: Did you sell a lot? |
| Diego: Sim, batemos a meta da semana. |
| Braden: Yes, we met this week's goal. |
| Mônica: Que ótimo! Veja o lado positivo. |
| Braden: That's great! Look on the bright side. |
| Diego: Sim, por esse lado foi bom sim, mas eu nem almocei hoje. Vendi, vendi e vendi desde a hora que eu cheguei. |
| Braden: Yeah, looking from that angle it was good, but I didn't even eat lunch today. I sold, sold, and sold, from opening to closing. |
| Mônica: Aproveita sua folga amanhã pra descansar então. |
| Braden: Take advantage of your day off tomorrow and rest then. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: (ask --- something about the dialogue-Peter always does a little review about the previous lessons. explain what you are thinking about the storyline in the lesson, so the students can follow and participate - don't make them guess.) |
| ---: response |
| Women talk |
| Braden: okay so Portuguese has grammar structures called diminutives and augmentatives. |
| ---: These are suffixes that either diminish or augment the meaning of a Portuguese word. We'll talk about these in a bit more detail in a later lesson but in the dialogue Mônica used the word "tristinha." |
| Braden: The cultural insight here is that a man probably would not have said that. |
| ---: That's right. He would have said triste. In Portuguese, specifically the diminutive has a strong feminine feel to it. |
| Braden: It's not restricted to women, and men do use it without harming their masculinity, but the feminine undertones are pretty strong. (Have you every noticed this before?) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Sílvia: estressante [natural native speed] |
| Braden: stressful |
| Sílvia: estressante [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: estressante [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: meta [natural native speed] |
| Braden: goal |
| Sílvia: meta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: meta [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: positivo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: positive |
| Sílvia: positivo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: positivo [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: nem [natural native speed] |
| Braden: nor, the opposite of or |
| Sílvia: nem [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: nem [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: aproveitar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to enjoy, to take advantage of (positively), to avail onesself of |
| Sílvia: aproveitar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: aproveitar [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: folga [natural native speed] |
| Braden: rest |
| Sílvia: folga [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: folga [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: inalar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to inhale |
| Sílvia: inalar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: inalar [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: cara [natural native speed] |
| Braden: face, facial expression |
| Sílvia: cara [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: cara [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: descansar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to rest |
| Sílvia: descansar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: descansar [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| ---: The first word we'll look at is Cara. |
| Braden: In the dialogue, cara means "face" or "facial expression." We've already learned the word cara to mean "dude" or "man" but this one is different. |
| ---: The main difference is that cara to mean "face" or "facial expression" is a feminine word but cara to mean "dude" or "man" is a masculine word. |
| Braden: That's right so it's o cara, the dude, or a cara, the face |
| ---: The next phrase we'll look at is Estar com uma cara... |
| Braden: estar com uma cara... literally translates "to be with a face" but it means "to look" as is "to look like something" or "to appear like something." |
| ---: This can be used with people and with inanimate items like plates of food. "este prato está com uma cara boa." |
| ---: The next word we'll look at is folga. Folga has several meanings among which are "looseness," "relaxedness," and "day off." |
| Braden: As you can see they're all inter related but in this context folga just means "day off." |
| ---: The next word we'll look at is meta. The best translation for the word meta is "goal" but many Brazilians are unfamiliar with the word meta so often the word objetivo "objective" is used to mean goal instead. |
| Braden: The next word we'll look at is |
| ---: nem. Technically, nem is the negative form of the word ou which means "or." |
| Braden: In many cases this will simply translate to "nor" in English but in this dialogue, the meaning is much closer to "didn't even." |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Braden: So ---, what's the focus of this lesson? |
| ---: The focus of this lesson is Preterit -ar, -er, ir. |
| Braden: In the dialogue, we heard the phrase |
| ---: Vendi, vendi e vendi desde a hora que eu cheguei. |
| Braden: Which we translated as "Diego |
| ---: This is the example of the preterit tense. The preterite is the past tense you use to report "what happenend." -Ar, -er, and -ir verbs each have their own sets of endings, all of them are quite similar. |
| Braden: We've already covered when to use the preterit tense so we wont' go over that again. In this lesson we are going to cover the practials of the pretérito perfeito. |
| ---: That's right. So first off regular -ar verbs in the pretérito. let's use the verb inalar which means to inhale. |
| ---: eu inalei, você/ele/ela inalou, etc. inalamos-inalaram |
| Braden: Could you give us some examples? |
| ---: Sure. Não achei meu dinheiro. means "I didn't find my money." |
| Braden: and one more |
| ---: This is one form a famous Portuguese writer "Inalando do exterior a nova substância da sua nutrição" (Latino Coelho). |
| Braden: Woah, that's poetic. Which translates to "Inhaling from the exterior the new substance of it's nutrition." |
| ---: Here he's referring to the Portuguese lanugage. So, less poetically it would be "The Portuguese language is being nourished by new substances from outside Portugal." |
| Braden: Okay so There are regular spelling changes that affect the eu-form in the -ar preterite. Now, we're going to explain this but trust me, you'll want to look at the table in the PDF so be sure to look at that. |
| ---: Okay, so the -u- preserves the "hard" g and c sounds before e. |
| Braden: That’s the rule. So take the verb chegar and put in to the first person preterit, you get cheguei. cheguei has an extra "u" between the g and the "ei." |
| ---: This isn't really an irregularity. It's just a spelling change as the sound stays the same. |
| Braden: If you spell cheguei without the "u", and just do -gei- it would be pronounced as in gente, or chegei. Which is not a word in Portuguese, although it might be in French. |
| ---: so the other case is when the verb ends in -car. Let's take the verb explicar. Here the -c- has to change to -qu-, otherwise the -cei would be pronounced as in explicei. Which might be italian but it's not Portuguese. |
| Braden: And last, a "ç" becomes a "c" before -e- and and -i-, always. So the verb começar has a "ç" because it's followed by the ar in the infinitive. When começar is conjugate to the first person preterit, then the "ç" is unnecessary, so it just becomes a "c" comecei." |
| ---: Okay so some examples would be Eu fiquei muito irado conta ele. which means "I was very angry with him." and Eu dancei a noite toda. – "I danced all night long." |
| Braden: Okay on to the -er verbs let's use the verb responder. Could yougo through the conjugation for us? |
| ---: Sure. respondi-respondeu-respondemos-responderam |
| Braden: Could you give us some examples? |
| ---: Você comeu o sanduíche. which means "You at the sandwich." and Vocês aprenderam bem a lição. – "You learned the lesson well." |
| Braden: Any exceptions with these? |
| ---: Not that we haven't talked about before. |
| Braden: Okay, so on to ir verbs. Could you give us the conjugation for regular ir verbs? |
| ---: I'll use the verb assistir assisti-assistiu-assistimos-assistiram |
| Braden: Could you give us some examples? |
| ---: Eu parti ontem às nove. – "I left last night at nine." and another would be Vocês pediram as canetas. – "Y'all asked for the pens." or "Y'all ordered the pens." |
| Braden: Okay so quick not. Normally, none of these forms have an accent in the preterite, but sair (and other verbs whose stem ends in -a) does in the eu, nós, and eles forms - saí, saiu, saímos, and saíram. This is done because of diphthongs which we haven't gotten into yet. |
| ---: Simply put. The accent mark goes on the tonic syllable which, since this is preterit, is on the last syllable. But because a and i together in Portuguese make a diphthong, which means one sound, when you write it you have to manually force the tonic syllable to the last syllable with a written accent. |
| Braden: So, sai is present tense (no accent) and saí is preterit tense and has an accent mark on the -i-. Could you give us a sample sentence? |
| ---: Eu saí de casa às cinco e meia da manhã. Which translates to "I left home at five-thirty in the morning." |
| Braden: And another example would be? |
| ---: Eu não sei porque, mas saímos daquele lugar. Which translates to "I don't know why but we left that place." |
| Braden: okay so some -Ir tips. -Ir verbs that have eu-forms with vowel changes in the presenet tense (dormir-durmo, mentir-minto, servir-sirvo) don't do that in the preterit. |
| ---: In other words, they are slightly irregular in the present tense but that irregularity doesn't carry to the preterit tense. |
| Braden: This is important for Spanish speakers learning Portuguese because Spanish does this but Portuguse doesn't. |
| ---: Okay so last tip. For all regular verbs, -ar, -er, and -ir, the nós form looks the same in the present and the preterite. It will be obvious through the context what the intended tense is. so this isn't a big deal but just so you don't second guess yourself, we're telling you before hand. |
| Braden: Well that just about does it for this lesson! |
| ---: Thanks for listening! |
Outro |
| Braden: That just about does it for today. |
| Sílvia: Dear listeners, ever pressed for time? |
| Braden: Listen to the Dialogue Lesson Recap! |
| Sílvia: These audio tracks only contain the target lesson dialogue. |
| Braden: So you can quickly recap a lesson. |
| Sílvia: Spend a few minutes learning on days when you don't have time to study a full lesson. |
| Braden: The audio tracks are just a few minutes long... |
| Sílvia: but you'll still pick up key Portuguese phrases along the way. |
| Braden: Go to PortuguesePod101.com, |
| Sílvia: and listen to this lesson's dialogue only audio track. |
| Braden: Have fun studying! |
| Sílvia: Boa noite! |
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