Learn paired Portuguese words that indicate something close to you
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Thássia: Bom dia! |
| Braden: Braden here! This is Absolute Beginner Season 1, Lesson 13 - A Meaty Situation in Brazil. In this lesson, we'll focus on the words "este," "estes," "esta," and "estas." |
| Thássia: This conversation is between Rita and the waiter as she looks at the menu. This conversation takes place at a restaurant. |
| Braden: The speakers are not friends so they will be speaking formally. |
| Thássia: Let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| (Formal) |
| Rita: Este aqui, o que é? |
| Garçom: Este é carne com vegetais. |
| Rita: E estes aqui? |
| Garçom: Estes são pratos vegetarianos. |
| Rita: Oh... |
| Braden:One time slowly. |
| (Formal) |
| Rita: Este aqui, o que é? |
| Garçom: Este é carne com vegetais. |
| Rita: E estes aqui? |
| Garçom: Estes são pratos vegetarianos. |
| Rita: Oh... |
| Braden:One time fast with translation. |
| (Formal) |
| Rita: Este aqui, o que é? |
| Braden: This one here, what is this? |
| Garçom: Este é carne com vegetais. |
| Braden: This is meat with vegetables. |
| Rita: E estes aqui? |
| Braden: And these here? |
| Garçom: Estes são pratos vegetarianos. |
| Braden: These are vegetarian dishes. |
| Rita: Oh... |
| Braden: Oh... |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brade: Rita's reaction to the vegetarian dishes makes me laugh. |
| Thássia: We Brazilians do love our meat. |
| Braden: It's in your culture, it's in your history; from steak houses to street vendors, it's everywhere. |
| Thássia: What can I say, we have sensitive palates. |
| Braden: That's for sure. The Brazilian "style of barbecue," called "churrasco," is world famous. |
| Thássia: "Churrasco" comes from the South part of Brazil, from the gaúchos. |
| Braden: Do you know what I found out about cows in Brazil? |
| Thássia: What? |
| Braden: According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, there are more cattle in Brazil than people. That's over two hundred million head of cattle. |
| Thássia: That’s a lot of "churrasco!" |
| Braden: That's over 200 million head of cattle. Let's take a look at the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| The first word we shall see is… |
| Thássia: Este [natural native speed] |
| Braden: This |
| Thássia: Este [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Este [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next is… |
| Thássia: Esta [natural native speed] |
| Braden: This |
| Thássia: Esta [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Esta [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next, we have… |
| Thássia: Garçom [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Waiter |
| Thássia: Garçom [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Garçom [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next is… |
| Thássia: Prato [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Plate, dish |
| Thássia: Prato [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Prato [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Our next word is… |
| Thássia: Estes [natural native speed] |
| Braden: These |
| Thássia: Estes [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Estes [natural native speed] |
| Braden: And our last word is… |
| Thássia: Estas [natural native speed] |
| Braden: These |
| Thássia: Estas [slowly - broken down by syllable]. Estas [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Thássia: Okay. The first phrase we’ll look at is "pratos vegetarianos," which means "vegetarian dishes." |
| Braden: More specifically, we'll be looking at adjectives and how they work in Portuguese. |
| Thássia: Adjectives specify or narrow the meaning of nouns. |
| Braden: In English, we almost always put adjectives before the noun. |
| Thássia: In Portuguese, we almost always put the adjectives after the noun. |
| Braden: For me, this was very strange when I first started learning Portuguese. Everything felt backward and I often put the adjectives in the wrong place. |
| Thássia: That's how I felt when I first started learning English. "Sign green" made perfect sense but "green sign" blew some mental fuses. |
| Braden: But, don't worry, this starts making sense quickly. |
| Thássia: We should also tell them that adjectives in Portuguese also need to be pluralized just like the nouns. |
| Braden: That's right. So, "one vegetarian dish" is… |
| Thássia: "Um prato vegetarian." |
| Braden: But "two vegetarian dishes" is… |
| Thássia: "Dois pratos vegetarianos." |
| Braden: The adjective, "vegetarianos," needs to be plural as well. This does not happen in English. |
| Thássia: So practicing will be very helpful. |
| Braden: Also, listening carefully to the natives and copying the way they speak makes adjectives very easy. Let's take a look at the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
| Thássia: In this lesson, we'll focus on the words "este," "estes," "esta," and "estas." |
| Braden: So, what's the difference between the words "este" and "estes?" |
| Thássia: Well, "este" and "estes" are paired words just like "this" and "these," and the difference is plurality. |
| Braden: That's right. "Este" is used when you have a single thing close to you, probably in your hands or within reach, like in the phrase "Este relógio," which translates to "This clock." |
| Thássia: "Estes" with an "-s" at the end, means "these." The phrase "Estes sapatos" translates to "These shoes." |
| Braden: Now, it's also important to remember that, because of grammatical gender, there are also feminine forms of "este" and "estes." |
| Thássia: Which are "esta" and "estas." |
| Braden: That's right. "Esta" means "this," and "estas" means "these." |
| Thássia: The difference is that "esta" and "estas" are used exclusively for feminine words. |
| Braden: And "este" and "estes" are used exclusively with masculine words. That just about does it for this lesson. |
| Thássia: Ready to test what you've just learned? |
| Braden: Make this lesson vocabulary stick by using the lesson specific flashcards. |
| Thássia: There is a reason everyone uses flashcards. |
| Braden: They work. |
| Thássia: They really do help memorization. |
| Braden: You can get the flashcard for this lesson at… |
| Thássia: PortoguesePod101.com. |
| Braden: Thanks for listening. |
| Thesis: Até amanhã! |
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