Learn how to form the diminutive and augmentative
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Braden: Hello, and welcome to PortuguesePOD101.com, the fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Portuguese! |
| Sílvia: I'm Sílvia, and thanks again for being here with us for this Intermediate S1 lesson. |
| Camila: So Braden, please tell us what we'll be learning in this lesson. |
| Braden: In this lesson, we'll be learning safty |
| Camila: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Braden: This conversation takes place in the evening, at home , none |
| Camila: What's the formality level? |
| Braden: Well, it's formal. |
| Camila: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Ildeci: Então, onde ela mora? |
| ngela: No bairro das américas. |
| Ildeci: E onde fica? |
| ngela: Pra falar a verdade eu não sei. Fica em direção ao centro, um daqueles bairrozinhos populares, sabe? |
| Ildeci: Mais ou menos. Vou olhar no Google. |
| ngela: Por favor. Ela é a amiguinha da minha prima e queria trazer as duas pra casa pra brincar um pouco. |
| Ildeci: Que lindinho. |
| ngela: Por causa dessa viagenzinha que vou fazer para a Europa, não sei quando vou vê-las novamente. |
| Ildeci: Oh coitadinha de você. Preocupa não tá, ela vai lembrar de você quando você voltar da Alemanha. |
| ngela: Eu sei. É que vou ficar na Alemanha por cinco anos e quando eu voltar ela já vai ser grandona. |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Ildeci: Então, onde ela mora? |
| ngela: No bairro das américas. |
| Ildeci: E onde fica? |
| ngela: Pra falar a verdade eu não sei. Fica em direção ao centro, um daqueles bairrozinhos populares, sabe? |
| Ildeci: Mais ou menos. Vou olhar no Google. |
| ngela: Por favor. Ela é a amiguinha da minha prima e queria trazer as duas pra casa pra brincar um pouco. |
| Ildeci: Que lindinho. |
| ngela: Por causa dessa viagenzinha que vou fazer para a Europa, não sei quando vou vê-las novamente. |
| Ildeci: Oh coitadinha de você. Preocupa não tá, ela vai lembrar de você quando você voltar da Alemanha. |
| ngela: Eu sei. É que vou ficar na Alemanha por cinco anos e quando eu voltar ela já vai ser grandona. |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Ildeci: Então, onde ela mora? |
| Braden: So, where does she live? |
| ngela: No bairro das américas. |
| Braden: In the neighborhood "das américas." |
| Ildeci: E onde fica? |
| Braden: And where is that? |
| ngela: Pra falar a verdade eu não sei. Fica em direção ao centro, um daqueles bairrozinhos populares, sabe? |
| Braden: To tell the truth, I don't know. It's on the way downtown. One of those little middle class neighborhoods, you know? |
| Ildeci: Mais ou menos. Vou olhar no Google. |
| Braden: Kind of. I'll check Google. |
| ngela: Por favor. Ela é a amiguinha da minha prima e queria trazer as duas pra casa pra brincar um pouco. |
| Braden: Please do. She is my cousin's friend and I wanted to bring both of them home for a bit to play a little. |
| Ildeci: Que lindinho. |
| Braden: How cute. |
| ngela: Por causa dessa viagenzinha que vou fazer para a Europa, não sei quando vou vê-las novamente. |
| Braden: Because of this trip I'm taking to Europe, I don't know when I'll see them again. |
| Ildeci: Oh coitadinha de você. Preocupa não tá, ela vai lembrar de você quando você voltar da Alemanha. |
| Braden: Oh, you poor thing. Don't worry, okay? She'll remember you when you return from Germany. |
| ngela: Eu sei. É que vou ficar na Alemanha por cinco anos e quando eu voltar ela já vai ser grandona. |
| Braden: I know. It's that I'll be in Germany for five years and when I come back she'll already be grown up. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: (ask --- something about the dialogue-Peter always does a little review about the previous lessons. explain what you are thinking about the storyline in the lesson, so the students can follow and participate - don't make them guess.) |
| ---: response |
| Popular |
| Braden: Economically, Brazil is not a very diverse country. There are huge extremes, fantastically rich and absolutely destitute. |
| ---: However, the vast majority of Brazilians live below the American poverty line and unless you have some kind of professional training, even jobs like McDonald's are difficult to get. |
| Braden: Brazilian Portuguese uses the term popular to describe things that are for the middle or upper middle class. I define Brazilian cities into four groupings - the favela where the poor and unemployed live and where the majority of drug trafficking occures; the bairro pobre where those who earn between the minimum wage and the equivalent to double the minimum wage; then the bairro popular which is for all the middle class people, then the bairro nobre where the rich people live and where most of the people from the favela work. |
| ---: (What do you think? How would you define the word popular in Brazilian culture? |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Sílvia: bairro [natural native speed] |
| Braden: neighborhood |
| Sílvia: bairro [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: bairro [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: estado [natural native speed] |
| Braden: state |
| Sílvia: estado [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: estado [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: daquele [natural native speed] |
| Braden: of that over there |
| Sílvia: daquele [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: daquele [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: verdade [natural native speed] |
| Braden: truth |
| Sílvia: verdade [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: verdade [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: Google [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Google |
| Sílvia: Google [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: Google [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: brincar [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to play, to joke, to have fun |
| Sílvia: brincar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: brincar [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: lindo [natural native speed] |
| Braden: beautiful, gorgeous |
| Sílvia: lindo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: lindo [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: viagem [natural native speed] |
| Braden: trip |
| Sílvia: viagem [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: viagem [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: coitado [natural native speed] |
| Braden: poor thing, wretch |
| Sílvia: coitado [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: coitado [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: Alemanha [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Germany |
| Sílvia: Alemanha [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: Alemanha [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Sílvia: grandona [natural native speed] |
| Braden: large, very big |
| Sílvia: grandona [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Sílvia: grandona [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| ---: The first phrase we'll look at is no bairro das américas. |
| Braden: no bairro das américas literally translates to "in the neighborhood of the Americas." There is a lot to look at here so let's get started. |
| ---: First, bairro usually translates to neighborhood but in most parts of Brazil, the bairro is actually part of the administrative structure of the city. For example, you always include the bairro as part of the address when you mail anything. |
| Braden: Second, das américas is all lowercase. This is purely a choice of the city and rarely do these things follow any particular rule. Often state names and even the names of people are lowercased even when used as street names, but they are just as often uppercased. No rhyme or reason. |
| ---: The third and last thing has to do with gender. In the phrase, no bairro das américas there are both genders, no bairro and das américas. Bairro is masculine and das américas is feminine. These are independent because the name of the bairro is das américas. Often foreigners confuse the genders here and say things like "no bairro dos américas" or "na bairro das américas." |
| Braden: Could you break this down? |
| ---: (break down) |
| Braden: what's our next phrase? |
| ---: The next phrase we'll look at is Quando eu voltar |
| Braden: quando eu voltar literally translates to "when I to return" but it means "when I return." |
| ---: This is actually a grammatical structure called the personal infinitive. It's pretty easy but too complex for this lesson, but just as a tip almost anytime you have quando then a pronoun and you're talking about the future, the verb is left in it's infinitive form. |
| Braden: No need to conjugate it. Quando eu voltarei doesn't make sense. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Braden: So ---, what's the focus of this lesson? |
| ---: The focus of this lesson is diminutives and augmentatives. In the dialogue, we heard the phrase " ngela - Por causa dessa viagenzinha que vou fazer para a Europa, não sei quando vou vê-las novamente." |
| Braden: Which we translated as " ngela - Because of this trip I'm taking to Europe, I don't know when I'll see them again." Diminutives has been on my mind for a while now. It really is a pretty advanced topic because to use it you have to have a pretty solid Portuguese. |
| ---: But at the same time it's everyday language so even people in the absolute beginner level will probably be hearing things like amigão and tiazinha. |
| Braden: So let's jump right in. |
| ---: Diminutives are formed most often by adding -inho or -zinho to a noun. There are also diminutives that are formed by adding -ito or -ete, but they are much less common. |
| Braden: The diminutives can indicate smallness of size or quality. An abundance of diminutives is related more to feminine speakres and children than to men. |
| ---: This is because diminutives are frequently used as a term of endearment or carinho. It is not customary that Brazilian men exress these kinds of feelings. |
| Braden: When the noun ends in a diphthong (chapéu), in a nasal (irmão), or in a stressed vowel (chá), a z is inserted before adding the -inho. |
| ---: Acentos agudos and circumflexos are typically removed but til usually remains. |
| Braden: Could you give us some examples of words that take the zinho? |
| ---: sure. irmão - irmãozinho - expand |
| ---: café - cafezinho expand |
| ---: mãe - mãezinha expand |
| Braden: and some examples that take just the inho |
| ---: livro - livrinho |
| ---: Pedro - Pedrinho |
| ---: moça - mocinha |
| Braden: Okay so on to augmentatives. |
| ---: Augmentatives are normally formed by adding -ão or -ona to a noun. Augmentatives indicate a largeness in size or quality. |
| Braden: Not infrequently, the idea can either be depricative or highly favorable, depending on the noun and/or the inflection. |
| ---: The rules for forming the augmetatives are similar to those for forming the diminutives. There are, however, many variations and duplicated forms. |
| Braden: Let's see some examples. |
| ---: Okay so grande - grandão, grandona |
| ---: bonito - bonitão |
| ---: bontia - bonitona |
| ---: sala - salão |
| ---: rapaz - rapazão |
| ---: amor - amorzão |
| quick review at the end of the lesson - explanation of why this is useful |
| That just about does it for this lesson. |
| thanks for listening |
Outro |
| Braden: That just about does it for today. |
| Sílvia: Listeners, do you know the powerful secret behind rapid progress? |
| Braden: Using the entire system. |
| Sílvia: Lesson notes are an important part of this system. |
| Braden: They include a transcript and translation of the conversation... |
| Sílvia: ...key lesson vocabulary... |
| Braden: and detailed grammar explanations. |
| Sílvia: Lesson notes accompany every audio or video lesson. |
| Braden: Use them on the site or mobile device or print them out. |
| Sílvia: Using the lesson notes with audio and video media, will rapidly increase your learning speed. |
| Braden: Go to PortuguesePod101.com, and download the lesson notes for this lesson right now. |
| Braden: Have fun studying! |
| Sílvia: Bons estudos! |
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